Baboons are a genus of primates in the family Muridae, commonly known as baboons, with six species. The species has a relatively large body size, second only to the chimpanzee genus in primates, with a body length of 50.8-114.2 centimeters, a tail length of 38.2-71.1 centimeters, and a weight of up to 60 kilograms. Mainly engaged in ground activities, also climbing trees to sleep or forage. Good at swimming. Can make loud noises. Active during the day, inhabiting large tree branches or caves at night. Food includes various small animals and plants. Group living, with tens to hundreds of individuals per group. The main natural enemy is leopards. There is no fixed breeding season, with one litter per litter. The wild lifespan is about 20 years.

The Japanese macaque is a short tailed monkey that can grow up to 70 centimeters (28 inches) in length. It has a similar appearance to the Japanese macaque, but lacks the bright blue and red colors on its face. It has a high gender dimorphism in weight, with males weighing up to 20 kilograms (44 pounds) and females weighing up to 12.5 kilograms (28 pounds). The overall color is dark gray brown. Mature male has a pink lower lip, a white chin, a dark gray to black face, and a raised groove on the nose. The buttocks are pink, light purple, and blue. Female macaques do not have a pink chin.