Horse manure sea urchin fossil
The horse dung sea urchin shell is sturdy, hemispherical, with a diameter of 30-40 millimeters and a maximum of 60 millimeters. The mouth surface is low, slightly raised, and flat. The width of the step zone is equal to that of the intermediate step zone, but the bulging degree of the intermediate step zone is slightly higher than that of the step zone, so the shell shape appears as a smooth pentagon close to a circle when viewed from the mouth. The activity of sea urchins relies on the movement of their legs and spines to crawl on the seabed, so their movement speed is relatively slow. Sometimes, they are attracted to rocks by the suction cups of their legs. The horse dung sea urchin is usually considered a herbivorous animal, feeding on brown algae, red algae, and green algae. It mainly lives on shallow sea reefs, gravel, sand, and other seabed areas.
Purple sea urchin fossil
Purple sea urchin is mainly distributed along the coasts of Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan in China. It is an important fishing species in the southeast coast of China and has high nutritional and medicinal value. Distinguish it from "Dalian Purple Sea Urchin". Due to the purple color of the sea urchin in Dalian, it is known as the 'Dalian Purple Sea Urchin', but in reality, they are not the same species. Living in rocky reef areas with a water depth of 3-07 meters and thriving growth of large seaweed species, they prefer to inhabit the backlit areas or crevices of rocks, often drilling holes in their habitats and hiding within them. By utilizing the movement of the legs and spines, one can navigate underwater Dian, move a few centimeters every 5 minutes.
Fossil of hard shell sea urchin
The hard shelled sea urchin, when viewed from the side, has a huge conical shell with a flat base. The petals are short and wide, very conspicuous, and are specifically used for respiration. When alive, the petals also have tubular feet, and the bony plates in the step zone are short and wide. The mouth is located at the center of the lower surface and has 5 distinct protrusions, hence it is star shaped. The anus is located behind the upper surface and originally had many short, slender shell needles on the surface. The cone shape of juvenile specimens is not obvious. It is common on the surface of sandy limestone in the eastern United States.
Red Coral, Coral Tree, Organic Gemstone
The specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex fossil at the Vienna Museum of Natural History
Tyrannosaurus belongs to the Tyrannosaurus genus of the Tyrannosauridae superfamily and is the only species in this genus. It was named in 1905 by American paleontologist and member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Henry Osborne. If we refer to the translation format of other dinosaur species, it would be more appropriate to translate its species name as' King Tyrannosaurus'. Adult Tyrannosaurus rex is about 12 meters long and weighs around 7 tons, making it one of the largest land predators in Earth's history. This specimen fossil is currently preserved at the Vienna Museum of Natural History.
The specimen plate dinosaur fossil specimen at the Vienna Museum of Natural History
Banlong is an ancient dinosaur from the Triassic period, which lived between 222 million and 200 million years ago. It was the first giant dinosaur to appear on Earth. Before the appearance of the Banosaurus, the largest herbivore had a body size as big as a pig, while the Banosaurus was much larger, with a body the size of a bus. Banlong, meaning "flat reptile," is an ancient dinosaur that lived 210 million years ago during the Late Triassic period. It has a body length of 6-8 meters, a height of 3.6 meters, and a weight of about 5 tons. According to archaeological research, it was the first giant dinosaur that lived on Earth and ate plants. The specimen is currently preserved at the Vienna Museum of Natural History.
Fossil of Triceratops Bone from Oxford University Natural History Museum
The name Triceratops means triangular face, referring to a small horn and two large horns on the skull. Triceratops is 7.3 meters long and weighs over 6 tons. It is a herbivorous animal with a jaw equipped with constantly changing teeth, specifically designed for cutting hard plant materials. The horns and folds of Triceratops have sparked a lot of speculation, but they are likely used for display and combat to maintain social dominance and defend territory and mates. Triceratops locked its horns in individual pushing and twisting battles, with the huge folds at the back of the skull serving as shields to deflect opponents' horns and protect fragile neck and shoulder muscles.
Fossil specimens of Southern Ape skulls from the Oxford Museum of Natural History
Southern apes, some researchers refer to as hominids, lived on the newly formed African savannah 1.5 million years ago. The skull features of this species are related to a diet primarily based on hard fruits, bark, and some roots. We can notice that it has a thick and protruding zygomatic arch, with a very large muscle passing through it and ending at the sagittal crest located in the upper part of the skull. Its dental arch is very sturdy and can be seen in very wide and pointed molars.
Fossil specimen of saber toothed tiger skeleton at Vienna Natural History Museum
The saber toothed tiger is a carnivorous mammal belonging to the genus saber toothed tiger in the order Felidae. The saber toothed tiger was once widely distributed on the continents of Asia, Europe, and America. It appeared in the Oligocene 35 million years ago and became extinct in the Pleistocene one million years ago. Their living period was during the Quaternary glacial period, when herbivores were slow-moving and easily hunted. But the ice age has ended, and cold resistant large herbivores cannot adapt to climate change and migrate northward, dying due to insufficient food. The saber toothed tiger lost its food source, did not have an advantage in hunting, and even became a prey for humans. In the end, it could only go extinct with the extinction of large thick skinned animals.
Paradosis trilobite, a fossil specimen of the Bournemouth Society for Natural Sciences
The fossil specimen of the Paladocxis genus trilobite from the Bournemouth Natural Science Society. Trilobites are extinct arthropods, hard shelled organisms with segmented bodies and articulated legs. They lived from 521 million years ago in the early Cambrian to 252 million years ago in the Permian, when they became extinct during the Permian Triassic mass extinction. Marine organisms are usually small, but species of the Paradosis genus can grow up to 45 centimeters in length.
Fossils of terror beasts, fossil specimens from the Vienna Museum of Natural History
The scientific name of the terror beast is Deinoterium, which means "terrifying beast". The terror beast belongs to the mammalian phylum, long nosed order, and terror beast family. The terror beast is a huge proboscid animal, with some individuals reaching a height of up to 5 meters, making it the third largest known terrestrial mammal to have existed. The lower jaw of the terror beast has a pair of long fangs that curve downwards and backwards, without the upper fangs found in other long nosed animals. The terror beasts appeared in the Miocene and lived until the early Pleistocene. Fossils of terror beasts have been found in all major excavation sites in East Africa, including Hadar, Letoli, Olduvai Gorge, and Lake Turkana.
Fossil specimen "Robust Southern Ape Skull" from the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico
The robust Southern Ape, referred to by some researchers as the hominid genus, lived on the newly formed African savannah 1.5 million years ago. Unlike the more elegant southern apes, the skull features of this species are related to a diet primarily based on hard fruits, bark, and some roots. We can notice that it has a thick and protruding zygomatic arch, with a very large muscle passing through it and ending at the sagittal crest located in the upper part of the skull. Its dental arch is very sturdy and can be seen in very wide and pointed molars. This specimen was discovered by scientist Robert Bloom in 1938 in the Stekefontein Cave near Johannesburg, South Africa.
Fossil specimens of Irish elk from the Late Pleistocene in Ireland
The collection of Geology and Paleontology at the Vienna Museum of Natural History includes the primitive fossil skeleton of Megaloceros giganteus, an Irish elk discovered in the late Pleistocene (approximately 12000 years ago). The shoulder height of males is about 2.1 meters, and their antlers are the largest known antlers, with a width of up to 4 meters. About 11700 years ago, many other animals from the Ice Age, like the Irish elk, became extinct in Europe.
Fossil skull of iguana dinosaur from the early Cretaceous period
Iguanosaurus is a dinosaur genus that lived in the early Cretaceous period. The name means "iguana teeth" and is the first recognized dinosaur, the second officially named dinosaur type, and one of the original three dinosaur species used to define dinosaur classification.
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