Pacific salmon is one of the most important groups in the family Salmonidae, including 8 species of large migratory fish widely distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Because of its delicious meat, high economic value and key ecological role, it is called "the silver gold of the Pacific".

The scientific name Oncorhynchustshawytscha is a species of Pacific salmon in the Salmonidae family, mainly distributed in the North Pacific and its coastal rivers. This fish is known for its large size and delicious meat, and is one of the important economic fish species. The body length can reach 150 centimeters and the weight can reach 45 kilograms. Having a streamlined body and strong muscles, capable of long-distance migration. Every autumn, adult salmon return from the ocean to the rivers where they were born for breeding. After laying eggs in freshwater, they will soon die, completing the cycle of life.

Red salmon is distributed in the circumpolar regions along the coasts of Europe and America, as well as on islands in the Arctic, and is the farthest freshwater fish to penetrate the Arctic region. In the Arctic water system, this species is mainly of the upstream type, but there are also settled types in some lakes and marshes. The upstream red salmon can grow up to 70 centimeters in length and weigh up to 4 kilograms. On Novaya Zemlya, red salmon winter in the lakes and marshes upstream of the river. From June to July, they begin to swim into the sea, and adult red salmon in the sea feed mainly on various small fish. The juvenile of red salmon is mainly distributed in salty and freshwater lakes and downstream rivers, feeding on larvae of the Chironomidae family, water jumping insects, and copepods. As they grow, they mainly feed on flying insects when they are larger.