Crystal structure of graphite

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Graphite is another allotrope of the element carbon (C) with a typical layered hexagonal structure. Its structure is composed of carbon atoms through sp² hybridization to form a hexagonal honeycomb planar layer, and the layers are combined by weak van der Waals forces. Hexagonal crystal system, space group: P6/mmc, unit cell parameter a ≈ 2.46 Å (bottom side length) c ≈ 6.70 Å (layer spacing), and the number of atoms in each unit cell is 4 carbon atoms. Natural graphite is used as a moderator for batteries, electric arc furnaces, and nuclear reactors because of its low neutron absorption cross section.

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