Wilder T4 astronomical theodolite
"Wilder T4 astronomical theodolite" is a high-precision angle measuring instrument designed for astronomical observation. It is mainly used to determine the position, trajectory and atmospheric refraction of celestial bodies (such as stars, planets, comets). In its name, "Wild" usually refers to the manufacturer of traditional astronomical instruments in Germany or Switzerland. "T4" is the model code and represents its technical iteration version. "Astronomical Theodolite" defines its core function-to realize precise measurement of azimuth and altitude of celestial bodies through telescope and dial system.
Triangulation theodolite made in 1902
The triangulation theodolite is a precision measuring tool used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, especially in the field of geographic mapping and engineering. The triangulation theodolite of 1902 is the representative of the advanced surveying and mapping technology at that time, with higher accuracy and stability.
Eighteenth-century measuring instrument theodolite
A theodolite is a precision instrument used to measure horizontal and vertical angles. It was made in 1752 and is commonly used in geographic mapping and engineering. Theodolite belongs to the early measuring instrument, which is very precise in design and technology, which laid the foundation for the later measuring instrument. In the 1752 theodolite, craftsmen used precision machining techniques to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. These early theodolites played an important role in geographic mapping, engineering construction and astronomical research, helping people to accurately determine position and angle.
Ophthalmoscope, an ophthalmic instrument invented in 1850
The ophthalmic instrument, Helmholtz also known as the ophthalmoscope, was invented in 1850 by the German scientist Hermann von Helmholtz (Hermann von Helmholtz). The main function of this instrument is to allow ophthalmologists to observe the retinal details of the living eye. The ophthalmoscope allows the doctor to see the structures inside the eye by reflecting light that enters the pupil. The invention of this instrument has greatly promoted the development of ophthalmology, allowing doctors to diagnose eye diseases and prevent them. Before Helmholtz invented the ophthalmoscope, doctors could not see the posterior pole of the retina in the eye of a living patient.
Nineteenth Century Instrument Orthogonal Plane Meter
Orthogonal planer is an instrument for measuring the area of a plane, invented around 1851. Its design is based on the principle of orthogonality, and its area is calculated by measuring the boundary of the plane figure. Orthogonal planometers usually consist of a rod with a scale and a moving pointer. The user can record the measurement data by moving the pointer along the boundary of the figure.
Antique astronomical theodolite
Theodolites are measuring instruments designed based on the principle of angle measurement to measure horizontal and vertical angles. They are divided into two types: optical theodolites and electronic theodolites, with the most commonly used being electronic theodolites. The theodolite is the mechanical part of a telescope that allows it to point in different directions. The theodolite has two mutually perpendicular axes to adjust the azimuth and horizontal height of the telescope. A theodolite is a type of angle measuring instrument equipped with a sighting section, a horizontal dial and reading indicators, and a vertical dial and reading indicators.
Geiger Miller counter
The Geiger M ü ller counter, also known as the Geiger counter, is a counting instrument specifically designed to detect the intensity of ionizing radiation (alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and X-rays). Using an inflatable tube or chamber as a probe, when the voltage applied to the probe reaches a certain range, each pair of ions produced by ionization of the radiation inside the tube can amplify and generate an electric pulse of the same size, which is recorded by the connected electronic device, and thus measure the number of rays per unit time.
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