Machu Picchu, Peru
It is a historical site located in the Andes Mountains of Peru, recognized as one of the most spectacular archaeological sites of the Inca Empire. This ancient city is located on a cliff, at an altitude of about 2430 meters, overlooking the deep canyon of the Urubamba River. Built in the 15th century, it was not rediscovered by historian Hiram Bingham until 1911, which attracted worldwide attention. The architecture cleverly utilizes the terrain and harmoniously coexists with the surrounding natural environment, showcasing the superb architectural techniques and urban planning of the Indonesians. As one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, Machu Picchu attracts thousands of tourists and archaeologists every year.
Peruvian Football Confederation National Team Emblem
Ceramic containers from the Late Horizon period in Peru
It is a ceramic container made during the late horizon period in Peru (approximately 1470 to 1532). Not only is it a practical container, but it is also a symbol of art and culture. It usually has a unique shape and decoration that reflects the aesthetic and religious beliefs of the society at that time. In 2022, a ceramic container voluntarily returned from France was received by the Association of Friends of Heritage. This voluntary return behavior reflects respect and protection for cultural heritage, and also demonstrates the international community's emphasis on the return of cultural relics and the protection of cultural property. It holds an important position in the pre Columbian culture of Peru, showcasing the ceramic making techniques of that time.
Late intermediate ceramic containers
It is a ceramic container from the late middle period (approximately 1000-1470 AD). This type of ceramic is often associated with ancient cultures in South America, especially in the Peruvian region. During this period, local potters made various ceramic vessels for daily life and ceremonial purposes. In 2022, a late intermediate period ceramic container was successfully retrieved from the United States and returned to its legal owner James Englehorm. This reflects the international community's emphasis on the protection of cultural heritage and the crackdown on illegal trade in cultural relics. It is also a respect and protection for cultural heritage.
Nazca Painted Cup - American Collection, University of Bonn
It is a pottery artwork from the Nazca culture period in Peru, currently collected in the American Collection series at the University of Bonn in Germany. The Nazca culture is located on the southern coast of present-day Peru, around the early middle period of 200 BC to 600 AD. Known for its colorful paintings, typically using four or more colors. Early pottery in Nazca was typically limited to open bowl shaped or double mouthed pots with flat handles and relatively simple yet bold painted designs; The later style included other forms of vessels, including some sculptural shapes, incorporating more intricate details into the design.
Nazca Double Mouth Bridge Pottery - American Collection, University of Bonn
It is an ancient pottery with unique design and decoration, representing the artistic achievements of the Nazca culture in Peru. Made of clay, it is characterized by two cylindrical pipes connected by a flat middle horizontal bar, forming a double mouth structure. This design is not only practical, but also has high artistic value. The surface decoration is rich and colorful, using multi-color paintings, which indicates that the Nazca culture has superb painting and decoration skills in pottery production. The Nazca culture existed approximately between 200 BC and 700 AD, mainly distributed in the Nazca Valley region of southern Peru. It is currently housed in the American Collection at the University of Bonn.
Chancay culture monkey shaped pottery container
It is a ceramic artwork in the Chancay culture, created around 1300 to 1500 by an unknown Peruvian artist. Usually used for storing water, which is crucial for survival in the dry desert climate where one resides. The Chancay culture is located in the central coastal region of Peru, where the climate is hot and dry, but there are some oases connected to distant areas of the Andes mountain range, allowing for communication with other cultures and communities, trading plants, food, and other agricultural products. On both sides of the neck are a pair of monkeys, both covering their mouths with their hands. The monkey's tail curves upwards and connects to the neck of the container.
Kero ceremonial drinking device
In the main indigenous language of Peru, Quechua, this container is called Kero. Used to drink chicha, a beer made from corn, consumed in important public ceremonies and social events. Forms have been discovered from Ecuador to Chile, spanning over 2500 years of history. The geographical distribution and long history have proven the importance of drinking chicha in ceremonies, and it remains a core part of ritual activities and social gatherings to this day.
The statue jar that blows the whistle
It is an ancient American ceramic artwork, a double mouthed bottle with a bridge. This jar has a straight opening located at the top of one side, connected to the closed opening on the other side through a bridge like handle. The closed mouth is shaped into a human figure playing an instrument. This container is designed as a water tank that can force air through a whistle inside a chamber. When water pours out from it, the air will make a whistle. It was created around 200 BC by an unknown artist in the Salina culture of Peru.
Nazca period pottery jars
It is a ceramic artwork from the Nazca culture period collected by the Cleveland Museum of Art, approximately made between 450 and 600 AD. This ceramic vessel comes from the Nazca region on the southern coast of Peru and belongs to the 5th to 7th centuries. It is made of colored clay board and has an overall size of 19.4 x 14 centimeters (7 5/8 x 5 1/2 inches). This work is known for its vivid sculptural decoration, showcasing the ancient Nazca people's worship of war and human heads as spoils of war, and is an outstanding representative of pre Columbian South American art.
Nazca Cultural Container
It is a pottery item in the Bonn American Collection series. This container has a spherical bottom and an S-shaped side profile. It is a colorful painted pottery with a face image painted on it. This container originates from Peru and belongs to the Nazca culture. In 1975, it entered H. as a donation gift Senff's collection. The Nazca culture is renowned for its exquisite pottery and textiles, which not only showcase the daily lives of the Nazca people but also reflect their religious beliefs and worldview. As a representative of Nazca culture, it provides us with important clues to understand this ancient civilization.
Peruvian Chancay style pottery
Known for its unique "black background and white flowers" style, it is one of the most representative works of art in Peru's pre Spanish coastal civilization. Mainly using white as the base, drawing geometric patterns and vivid animal images in black or brown, such as fish, monkeys, cats, birds, as well as complex mesh patterns, squares, and Greek patterns. The production techniques include manual molding, as well as commonly using molds and small sculptures for decoration. Some vessels are decorated with head models on their necks, usually accompanied by headpieces, earrings, and facial paintings, known as "Chinas". In 2023, Swiss authorities returned Chancay style pottery.
Chim ú - Lambayeque style ceramic bottle from Peru
It is a cultural artwork originating from the northern coast of Peru, produced between approximately 1000 and 1470 AD. This ceramic bottle is renowned for its unique artistic style and exquisite craftsmanship, often adorned with rich patterns and symbolic images, reflecting the religious beliefs and daily life of the society at that time. In history, due to various historical reasons, some ceramic bottles have been lost overseas. It was once auctioned by W&H Peacock Auction Company in the UK, but fortunately, it was successfully recovered and returned to its original country in 2023. The return of cultural relics reflects the international community's emphasis and efforts on the protection of cultural heritage.
Peruvian Lambayeque style ceramic bottle
It is an artwork representing the pre Columbian culture of Peru. This type of ceramic bottle usually has exquisite technical and aesthetic features, as well as rich cultural symbolic significance. Known for its technical quality and aesthetic features, it reflects the development of the region's culture and the evolution of its style. It showcased the superb craftsmanship of the craftsmen at that time and conveyed profound cultural and religious messages through its designs and patterns. In the late middle period, techniques such as molding, application, and etching were used. Returned by Swiss authorities in 2023 and successfully recognized as a Peruvian national treasure. The return of ceramic bottles is not only a respect for cultural heritage, but also a recognition of historical continuity.
Chimu Painted Double Body Container
It is a representative work of the Chimu culture, an artifact from 1200 to 1440 BC, originating from Peru. It consists of two oval parts with a flat bottom, one of which is turned upside down to form an opening, and the other is decorated with the image of a bird's head. The unique design not only shows the exquisite ceramic art technology in Chimu culture, but also reflects the aesthetic taste and cultural characteristics of the society at that time. It is of great value in cultural and historical research, not only showing the artistic characteristics of Chimu culture, but also reflecting the lifestyle and religious beliefs of the society at that time. It was an important civilization in the Andean region of pre-Columbian South America.
Peruvian Franciscan Monastery and St. Francis Cathedral
An important religious complex located in the historical center of Lima, the capital of Peru. Founded by Fr é d é ric Francisco de la Cruz of the Franciscan Order in 1546, it is one of the oldest religious buildings in Lima. Renowned for its Spanish Baroque architectural style, the interior decoration is magnificent and boasts many precious artworks and historical relics. In addition, the library houses approximately 25000 volumes of ancient books, some of which date back to the 16th century. In 1988, the monastery and church were listed as a World Cultural Heritage site by UNESCO, becoming important cultural and religious symbols in Peru and even Latin America.
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