Building
Nordhoff Lighthouse, Netherlands
On the embankment located approximately one kilometer north of the village of Sikapel at the mouth of the Siskeld River in the Netherlands. This small lighthouse is made of cast iron and was built in 1875 by Quirinus Harder, who designed multiple Dutch lighthouses. The lighthouse is manufactured by the NeringB ö gel iron factory in Devonte. The lighthouse, along with the lights of the Great Lighthouse, guides ships through the Oostgat Channel in Siskeld. The main body of the lighthouse is red with a white stripe. The light from the lighthouse comes in three colors: red, white, and green. These colors are separated by shading boards.
Kirk Madeline Church in Scotland
Located in the Rhins region of Scotland. This location was once the site of an early church, and three early Christian stone tablets dating back to the 6th century have been discovered here. These stones include Latin inscriptions and Greek Christian crosses, commemorating clergy and standing in the cemetery around the church until the 1840s. These stones confirm the early existence of a Christian church, which was very important in history. The Christian worship in this location can even be traced back to the 400s before the construction of the church, when there was a monastery here. The existing church was built in the late 19th century.
Czech Saint Catherine's Dome Church
It is an early medieval dome building located in Znojmo, Czech Republic. This dome shaped church consists of an elliptical nave and a semi-circular apse facing east. Its masonry is not made of traditional Romanesque stones, but carefully stacked with irregular dark quarry stones. The first mention of this building dates back to 1100, when Bohemian Duke Bo ř ivoy II held his wedding here. The function of the dome shaped church is not fully understood, but it is speculated that it may serve as a religious place of worship for the castle owner and his followers, as well as the surrounding area. The building was rebuilt in 1888.
Jvari Monastery in Georgia
It is a 7th century monastery located near Mtskheta, Georgia, near Tbilisi. It is a rare early medieval Georgian church that has been preserved almost unchanged to this day. The monastery is built on the top of Jvari Mountain and is a model of medieval Georgian architecture harmoniously connected to the natural environment. Built between 586 and 605. The importance of the Jvari architectural complex has increased over time and has attracted many pilgrims. In 996, Jvari was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other monuments in Mtskheta.
Ruins of German Yellow Villa
An ancient building with historical value that witnesses the classic and classical beauty of 19th and 20th century Germany. This once glorious villa has now fallen into ruins, with the bricks, stones, and concrete on the walls cracking open, revealing the traces of time. Nevertheless, it still retains a unique charm and sense of history, attracting people to explore and contemplate its past stories. This abandoned yellow villa is not only a heritage of architectural art, but also a witness to the passage of time.
The Empire State Building in New York
It is a 102 story Art Deco skyscraper located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, designed by Shreve, Lamb&Harmon and built between 1930 and 1931. Its name comes from the nickname "Empire State" of New York State. It was once the tallest building in the world until the first tower of the World Trade Center was completed in 1970. Until it was surpassed by the New World Trade Center in 2012. As of 2022, the Empire State Building is the seventh tallest building in New York City, the ninth tallest completed skyscraper in the United States, and ranked 54th in the world.
Durham Cathedral, England
The Durham Cathedral, officially named Christ, Mary and St. Cuthbert, is a cathedral of the Church of England located in Durham, England. It is the seat of the Bishop of Durham and also the mother church of the Durham Diocese. The cathedral houses the holy niches of the Anglo Saxon saints Cuthbert and Bede. There are daily worship activities of the Church of England here, and in 2019, 727367 visitors were received. Durham Cathedral is a Grade I protected building and is part of the Durham Castle and Cathedral World Heritage Site.
Torrequiara Castle, Italy
It is a 15th century castle located near Langilano in the province of Parma in northern Italy. It is located on the terraced hills south of Parma city, strategically overlooking the Parma River Valley below. This castle was commissioned by Pierre Maria II de Rossi, Count of San Secundo IV, and was built from 1448 to 1460. The castle showcases the influence of the Sforza family castle, particularly the style of Visconti Sforza castle.
Beuzin Castle, Poland
Located in the southern part of Poland, Beuzin is a castle with a long history. This stone castle was first built in the 14th century, and its predecessor was a wooden defense structure established in the 11th century. As an important military fortress of the Kingdom of Poland and later the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth, B é uzin Castle played a crucial role in history. It not only provides security for Poland's borders, but also serves as an important witness to the cultural and military history of the region. The architectural style and historical background of the castle have attracted numerous tourists and history enthusiasts.
Apple's Second Headquarters
Also known as Apple Park, it is the headquarters of Apple Inc. located in Cupertino, California. It was opened to employees in April 2017 while construction was still ongoing, replacing the Apple headquarters that opened in 1993. The main building designed by Norman Foster has earned the media nickname "spaceship" due to its scale and circular ground scraper design. Covering an area of 1.46 square kilometers, 80% of which is green space, native plants and trees adapted to drought are planted, and an artificial pond is located in the central courtyard. Apple co-founder Steve Jobs hoped that the park would look more like a natural sanctuary.
Castle of Veves
Ch â teau de V ê ves is located in Celles, one of the most beautiful villages in the Walloon district. The appearance of this castle resembles a castle in a fairy tale, and it is also considered one of the most beautiful medieval castles in Belgium and a special heritage of the Walloon region. The castle was destroyed in 1200, rebuilt in 1230, burned down again in the early 15th century, and rebuilt after a fire. Until the end of the Middle Ages, this castle remained a military fortress. It consists of five towers and an extraordinary half timbered structure dating back to the 16th century.
Entrance Gate of Heiligenkreis Monastery
It is the entrance located in the southwest direction to the Heiligenkreis Monastery. There is a window like structure above the arch, on which a bust of Saint Leopold is placed. This sandstone statue was placed there in the early 18th century. The Heiligenkreis Monastery is a historic monastery in Austria, and this entrance gate, as an important component, witnesses the monastery's glorious history. The design of the arch is unique, and the window structure above not only serves a decorative purpose, but also adds a sense of sacredness. The bust of Saint Leopold is located in the center of the arch, appearing solemn and dignified.
German Bell Farmhouse
Built around 1820, it showcases the typical architectural style of the Hunsluck region in Germany. This two-story farmhouse adopts a two bedroom deep wooden frame structure, and the entire living area is covered with natural stone slabs. On the left side of the farmhouse is the expansion of the stone stable built in 1848, which has now been equipped with modern toilet facilities in the museum. Not only is it a representative of traditional architecture in the Hunsluck region, but it also witnesses the changes in local agricultural history. The use of wooden frame structures and natural stone slabs not only showcases the architectural techniques and material choices of the time, but also reflects the harmonious integration of the local natural environment and architectural style.
Corvin Castle, Romania
Also known as Hunyadi Castle or Hunedoara Castle, it is a Gothic Renaissance style castle located in Hunedoara, Romania. Considered one of the largest castles in Europe and listed as one of the Seven Wonders of Romania. Built in the 14th century, ordered by King Matthias Hunyadi of Hungary. The design incorporates elements of Gothic and Renaissance architecture, showcasing a unique architectural style. Not only is it an important cultural heritage of Romania, but it is also an outstanding representative of European historical architecture. Nowadays, it has become one of the famous tourist attractions in Romania.
Monasise Castle Pavilion Architecture in Trier
It is an outstanding representative of classical architecture, designed by French architect Fran ç ois Ignatz Mangan and built between 1779 and 1783. This building is renowned for its elegant circular structure and colonnade, and is one of the oldest buildings of its kind in Germany. The Muse Temple, once a castle resident, symbolizes a holy land of wisdom and art. It was a manifestation of delicacy and elegance in garden design at that time. It is an important material for studying 18th century European architectural art and a valuable place to understand and appreciate classical architectural aesthetics. Becoming an outstanding representative of classical architecture in Germany and even Europe.
Marterta, Alderburg, UK
The Alderburg Martell Tower is a historic defense tower located on the Alderburg coastline in Suffolk, England, built during the Napoleonic Wars from 1808 to 1812. This tower is famous for its unique design, with four gun emplacements on the roof, which was extremely rare in the Martel Tower at that time. Its existence is to strengthen coastal defense, covering both the river behind and the sea ahead to deal with potential invasion threats. Not only a symbol of military defense, but also a part of British history, witnessing the military strategy and architectural technology of that era.
The Pillar of Our Lady of Trier
It is a historic commemorative building that was first built in 1854 and completed in 1866. This tower shaped structure is about 40 meters high and is carefully stacked from sturdy sandstone blocks. The foundation and base are made of heavy stones left over from the Roman period, which have been reused to add a sense of historical weight to this Neo Gothic style building. It reflects the architectural spirit of the Romantic period in the 19th century, and its design and decorative details embody the artistic style of this period. Not only is it a religious symbol, but it is also an important part of the urban landscape of Trier.
Laarne Castle, Belgium
Located in Laarne, Belgium, it is a castle with a long history. Built around 1200 years ago, it was originally a wooden structure. Subsequently, the foundation was raised and a more sturdy building was constructed. Around 1300, castles began to be built using stone, forming the current watchtower. In less than a century and a half, the castle area developed into a complete castle with a moat. Witnessing hundreds of years of historical changes in Belgium, it is an important cultural heritage of Belgium. It has extremely high historical value and is also an important example for studying medieval castle architecture. The architectural style and structural layout reflect the political, economic, and cultural characteristics of the society at that time.
Fushimi Inari Daisha, Japan
It is the headquarters of Inari Shrine located in Fushimi ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, and enshrines Inari Shrine. Located at the foot of Inari Mountain at an altitude of 233 meters, including a trail leading to several smaller shrines on the mountain, the total length is 4 kilometers and it takes about 2 hours to complete. At first, it was mainly worshipped as a deity for rice and agriculture, but merchants also regarded it as the guardian deity of commerce. Fushimi Inari Daisha has about 10000 torii torii, each donated by a Japanese company. Among them, about 800 torii are arranged in rows, forming a thousand torii torii, giving people the impression of a tunnel.
Flaningham Castle, UK
Located in Suffolk, England, it is a castle with a long history. There used to be an old workhouse or workshop inside the castle, which has now been transformed into a caf é, shop, and museum. Tourists can enjoy delicious coffee and snacks here, while also purchasing some souvenirs. The museum showcases the history of castles and workhouses, allowing visitors to gain a deeper understanding of the region's history and culture. This castle is not only a witness to history, but also a perfect combination of modern life and ancient traditions.
Gemepe Castle, Belgium
Also known as Hagimont Castle, it is located in the town of Hagimont in the province of Luxembourg in the Walloon region of Belgium, and is now part of the city of Marsh En Famenne. Built in the 13th century, it was originally a 23 meter high square main building used for residential and defensive purposes, and was the residence of the Jiemei Pei family. In the 17th century, the Ans family expanded the castle by adding three wings, forming the quadrilateral building that is now visible. Once abandoned in the 20th century, it was later purchased and fully renovated, and now it is a modern conference center. Surrounded by typical hills and beautiful scenery of the Ardennes region in Belgium.
Milwalt Castle, Belgium
It is a historic castle located in the town of Milwalt in Saint Hubert, Luxembourg Province, Belgium. It is located on rocks above the Lom Valley, enjoying spectacular natural scenery. The origin of the castle can be traced back to the 11th century, when it was part of the Duchy of Lorraine and used as a military fortress. Witnessing the turbulent history of the Middle Ages, the lords of Milwalt had multiple intense conflicts with surrounding feudal lords such as the lords of Buon and Osimont during that era. These conflicts are often over the struggle for territory and power, reflecting the complex power structure and territorial disputes of feudal society at that time.
Chateau Bretchet in France
It is a medieval building located in the city of Misirac in the Loire department of the Atlantic in France. It was first built in the 14th century and underwent reconstruction in the 19th century. It has been listed as a historical monument since January 7, 1926, and its surrounding environment has also been listed as a protected area since May 17, 1943. Attracting tourists with its romantic and charming architectural style, although the interior is not open to the public, its outer courtyard is available for visitors to visit and appreciate the environment listed as a historical monument. Currently, it is a luxury hotel and restaurant surrounded by an 18 hole golf course, providing visitors with a place that combines historical value with modern comfort.
Frukur Castle, Belgium
Located in the southern part of the province of Liege in the Walloon region of Belgium, between the villages of Stumont and Lagerlaise, overlooking the Anblaf River Valley. Built in 1912, it was completed by Charles Albert de Haren in 1919, who was the mayor of Stormont. The castle has distinct medieval features, including castle towers and watchtowers. The history can be traced back to the Middle Ages, when there was another castle here to guard the valley. Around 1600, it was replaced by another castle called Salm Castle and became a symbol of the glory of Stormont. However, the origin of the glory of Frukur, named after its original inhabitants, remains a mystery
St. Peter and Paul's Church
It is a church with a long history, built around 1120 and adopting the Romanesque style. Not only religious buildings, but also the first part of the three defense works. In 1320, the church underwent an early Gothic expansion. In the 15th century, in order to strengthen defense, a defensive wall was built around the cemetery surrounding the church. In 1987, murals dating back to around 1320 were discovered and restored, depicting Saint Christopher. This church witnesses the evolution of architectural styles and historical changes in medieval Europe, and is an important heritage for studying medieval architecture and art.
St. Jacob's Church in Austria
It is a Roman Catholic church located in the southern part of the village of Regensburg in the municipality of Staldof, Austria. This church is named after Saint James and is a Baroque style building that was converted from a granary in the late 17th century. The tower is one of its prominent features, decorated with an onion shaped dome at the top, adding an oriental touch to the church and making it stand out among the surrounding buildings. In 1770, the church established a diocese, and in 1783, it officially became an independent diocese, marking a further recognition and elevation of the importance of the church in religious and social life.
Maria Magdalena Chapel
It is a hexagonal central building built in the first half of the 13th century. It has a tent style roof and a circular rear hall. This building was once used as a bone storage hall and is now used as a funeral home. Known for its unique hexagonal design and tent roof, these features make it particularly distinctive in medieval architecture. The circular rear hall adds beauty to the building and makes it more harmonious structurally. As a place for storing remains, it has witnessed the end of many lives and commemorations. Now transformed into a funeral home, continuing to provide a space for people to mourn and bid farewell.
St. Michael's Fortified Church Gothic Crematorium
Located within the reinforced church of St. Michael's, the attached crematorium is a place for storing the remains of the deceased, in order to address the limited space of St. Michael's cemetery. This crematorium was built after 1395. It is a tall and narrow building with five spires on the east side, sturdy stepped buttresses, double layered pointed arch windows adorned with clover flowers, and pointed arch windows adorned with clover flowers. The crematorium is located between the rear hall of the reinforced church and the reinforced tower in the southeast corner. The interior is a single span structure with a ribbed dome at the top, supported on a Holy Grail shaped pedestal.
Poland's historic wooden church
Located in the Carpathian region of Poland, there is a historic wooden church. Built in 1759, it was originally a courtyard chapel of the Kuchkovsky family, named after the Gospel of St. John. In 1778, it became a branch church, and from 1788 onwards, it became the parish church of the newly established Diocese of Saint Anne. Until 2004, this building was used as a parish church until a new church was built and put into use. On April 7, 2004, it was included in the memorial registry.
Lalne Castle, Belgium
It is a castle with a moat located in Larne, East Flanders, Belgium, near its capital city of Ghent. The Lalne Castle is located at an altitude of 3 meters and was built in the 11th or 12th century to guard the sea passage leading to Ghent. A comprehensive renovation was carried out in the 17th century. This castle not only witnesses the history of Belgium, but also has become an important tourist attraction and cultural heritage site in the area with its unique architectural style and rich cultural heritage.
Carnarvon Castle in Wales
It is a medieval fortress located in Gwyneth County, northwest Wales. The first defensive structure on this site was a mound and fenced castle built in the late 11th century, which was replaced by the current stone structure by King Edward I of England in 1283. The castles and towns established by Edward I became the administrative center of North Wales, so the defensive works were built on a grand scale. The design of the castle is intentionally linked to the Roman history of Caernarfon - nearby is the Roman fortress of Segantin, and the walls of the castle evoke the city walls of Constantinople.
Redby Castle, England
It is a medieval castle located near Staindrup in County Durham, England, covering an area of 200 acres (approximately 810000 square meters) in a deer park. Built by John Neville, the third Baron Neville, around 1367 to 1390. Cecily Neville, the mother of Edward IV and Richard III, was born here. In Charles Neville, the sixth Earl of Westmoreland, the castle was taken over by the royal family after the Northern Revolt led by him in support of Queen Mary of Scotland failed in 1569.
Pembroke Castle, Wales
It is a medieval castle located in the center of Pembrokeshire, Wales, and also the former family residence of Pembrokeshire. Since 1951, it has been listed as a first-class protected building and underwent extensive restoration in the early 20th century. In 1093, Arnolf de Montgomery built his first castle on the cape next to the Pembroke River during the Normandy invasion of Wales. A century later, Richard I gifted the castle to William Marshall, who became one of the most powerful figures in 12th century England. Marshall rebuilt Pembroke Castle with stones, forming most of the existing structures today.
Villeneuve Castle, Belgium
Located in the Walloon region outside the village of Seles in the province of Namur, Belgium, it sits on a rocky platform. This castle is classified as a major heritage site in the Walloon region. Originating from 670 to 714 AD, military leader Pepin Hestar ruled the region at that time. Not only is it an important representative of 15th century military architecture, but it is also known for its magnificent towers and exquisite wood carvings. Owned and maintained by the same family for over 800 years, it is considered an outstanding heritage of the Walloon region. Not only is it a historical relic, but it is also a historical heritage site that the public can visit. Its interior decoration and furniture have been carefully restored, restoring its former glory
Circular houses from the Iron Age
It is a typical architecture of Iron Age Europe, mainly distributed between 1200 BC and 400 AD. This type of house is usually built of wood, with a circular plan and a conical roof covered with thatch. The walls are made up of wooden columns that are deeply buried underground to provide a stable foundation. There is a gap between the walls and the roof to allow smoke to escape while also providing ventilation for the house. Due to the lack of windows in the Iron Age, doors were the only entrance and were usually equipped with thresholds to prevent animals from entering. These buildings provide valuable clues for us to understand the lifestyle of ancient Europeans.
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