Sculpture/Artifacts
Chongning Zhongbao
Chongning Chongbao is one of the ancient Chinese coins. Cast during the Chongning period of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty (1102-1106 AD). The face inscription "Chongning Chongbao" is read in the clerical script, with a simple and square style, mostly with a light back, and a few with stars, moons, crosses, etc. on the back. Chongning Chongbao is one of the more important coins in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and also the coin with the most plate types in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to statistics, there are about 300 different versions of Chongning Zhongbao, and every year, different versions of Chongning Zhongbao are discovered by experts or Tibetan friends.
Kaiyuan reign
Kaiyuan Tongbao is a copper currency minted in the Tang Dynasty, and coins began to have "Tongbao" in the Tang Dynasty. In the early Tang Dynasty, the Sui Five Zhu system was used, which was light and confusing. In the fourth year of Wude reign of Emperor Gaozu of Tang Dynasty (621 AD), in order to rectify the chaotic currency system, Sui coins were abolished and the "Kaiyuan Tongbao" was minted, following the strict regulations of the Western Han Wuzhu, replacing the remaining Wuzhu in society.
Mingxuan De Blue and White Flower Pear shaped Pot
The blue and white porcelain produced by Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory during the reign of Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty (1426-1435 AD, the reign name of Emperor Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty Zhu Zhanji) holds a significant position in the development history of Chinese ceramics. It is famous for its ancient and elegant design, crystal clear glaze color, and colorful patterns. Compared with other blue and white porcelain from various dynasties, its firing technology has reached the highest peak, becoming one of the famous porcelain products in China. Its achievements are praised as "unprecedented in the first generation". The pear shaped teapot has an umbrella shaped lid with a precious pearl button on the top, a short neck, and a drooping round belly below. It has short circular legs, curved flow, and a crank, and is shaped like a pear, hence its name.
Shale statue of Shakyamuni half body from Peshawar, Pakistan in the third century
The half body statue of Buddha, made of shale in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, originated from Peshawar and is currently housed in the National Museum of Pakistan. Shakyamuni was like turning a wheel with both hands, wearing a huge bun on his head. He has regular facial features, a high nose, deep eyes, and a small beard on his lips. Wearing a robe with exposed right shoulder, the folds are very smooth. Strong in physique, it is the pinnacle of the Jiandala statue.
Bright glazed red jade teapot spring vase
The Yuhu Spring Vase, also known as the Yuhu Appreciation Vase, is a typical shape of Chinese porcelain. It is widely popular in various regions and has been used for a long time. After the Song Dynasty, it was fired in kilns in various places throughout history. Its shape evolved from the water purification bottle in Tang Dynasty temples. The basic form is a curved mouth, thin neck, hanging abdomen, and circular feet. It is a type of bottle with a soft curved outline.
Gandara relief sculpture
This is a Gandhara relief depicting a person riding between the two humps of a camel, holding a sacred object in both hands, with a solemn and sorrowful expression. The person in front turned around to look at the artifact, with the same serious expression on their face. This relief is from the Swat region in the third century AD and is made of gneiss. Gandara art is a Buddhist art form from the Gandara region in the northwest of the Indian subcontinent (now eastern Pakistan and Afghanistan), which reached its peak around the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD.
Statue of Bodhisattva Half Body during the Northern Wei Dynasty
The statue is named a half body statue of a Bodhisattva and was made during the Northern Wei Dynasty. The site in front of the Yungang Grottoes was unearthed in 992 and collected by the Yungang Research Institute.
Marble statue from the Roman Empire period, 'The Injured Amazon'
In Greek art, the Amazon is a mythical race of female warriors from Asia Minor, often depicted fighting against heroes such as Hercules, Achilles, and Theseus. This statue represents a refugee who escaped from battle, losing her weapon and bleeding from the wound beneath her right breast. Her shawl was untied on her shoulders, a waistband was tied around her waist, and a temporary reins were tied around her horse's back. Despite her predicament, there were no signs of pain or fatigue on her face. She gently leaned against a pillar on the left, with her right arm elegantly resting on her head, a gesture usually used to indicate sleep or death.
Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton fossil, American Museum of Natural History
Tyrannosaurus belongs to the Tyrannosaurus genus of the Tyrannosauridae superfamily and is the only species in this genus. It was named in 1905 by American paleontologist and member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Henry Osborne. If we refer to the translation format of other dinosaur species, it would be more appropriate to translate its species name as' King Tyrannosaurus'. Adult Tyrannosaurus rex is about 12 meters long and weighs around 7 tons, making it one of the largest land predators in Earth's history.
The Sykes Standing Statue, a diorite statue from the 18th Dynasty of ancient Egypt
This cultural relic is a granite diorite statue of the 18th Dynasty standing in the position of Saikemaite. This is a statue depicting the goddess Sykes, who appears in the form of a lion headed female body but wears a sacred female wig. Her left foot is forward, her left hand holds a papyrus staff, and her right hand holds the Ankh of Life. Most of the right arm of this statue has been lost. The height of this statue is 120 centimeters, the width is 49 centimeters, and the depth is 47 centimeters. It is currently housed in the British Museum.
Maria Sobanska bust created by Konstantin Lashka
The name of the statue is "Maria Soba ń ska's bust", created by artist Konstanty Laszczka in 1918. This artwork is carved from Carrara marble and is a life sized sculpture. The details of this work are handled perfectly. Maria Sobanska was born into a powerful aristocratic family in Skarzky and lived from 1887 to 1948. It is currently housed in the Gorice Regional Museum.
Saiko and the Jar "created by Bertel Thorvaldsen
The name of this cultural relic is "Saike and Jar", created by artist Bertel Thorvaldsen in 1806. This work is made of gypsum and is 1.32 meters high. It is currently housed in the Thorvaldsen Museum in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Statue of the Virgin Mary in Kitt Lake Village, Russia during the Tsarist period
Colorful statue of the Virgin Mary of Lake Kitt. This Marian pillar was erected in the middle of the village green space around 1770. The sage stood with his hands clasped together on half of the globe, which was entwined by a snake.
The Pyramid of Chichen Itza, a Maya architecture from the classical period
Chichen Itza, from Yucatan Maya: Chi'ch 'è en ǐ itsha' ("Itza Well") is a large pre Columbian city built by the Maya during the classical period. The archaeological site is located in Tinum, Yucatan, Mexico. Chichen Itza was the main focus of the North Maya lowlands, from the late classical period (around 600-900 AD) to the terminal classical period (around 800-900 AD) and the early post classical period (around 900-1200 AD).
Chinese style bronze lion statue for warding off evil spirits in front of a house
Front of the house, guarding against evil spirits, stone lion carving - male lion
Simulated Crown Prop by Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts in Krakow
This crown is a prop from the Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts Museum in Krakow, Poland. The Jan Matejko Academy of Fine Arts is the oldest art academy in Poland, founded in 1818 and granted full autonomy in 1873. This college is located on Matejko Square in the center of Krakow city.
Front of the house, guarding against evil spirits, stone lion carving - female lion
The marble statue of Venus de Milos from the ancient Roman Empire period
The Venus de Milos, also known as the Broken Arm Venus, was discovered on Milos Island in 1820 and immediately caused a sensation throughout Europe. It was contested by several countries, and the arms of the sculpture were unfortunately destroyed during the chaos. After many twists and turns, it was finally purchased by France as a birthday gift to King Louis XVIII of France, who then gave it to the Houston Museum of Fine Arts. From then on, Venus became a broken arm goddess. However, the lost arms instead interpret a flawed beauty.
Black tailed groundhog skull specimen, University of Wyoming Library
The black tailed groundhog is a reptile in the family Muridae, belonging to the order Rodentia. The body length is about 30-40 centimeters, the shoulder height is over 10 centimeters, the body is long and fat, and the head is short and wide; The neck is thick and short, and the ears are short and small. The body hair is mainly gray brown; The abdomen is grayish yellow in color; The tail end is black. Life expectancy is 8 years. The black tailed groundhog is distributed in the grasslands of central North America, extending northward to southern Canada; Mainly living on the edge of the Sonora Desert. Social animals that do not hibernate, are active during the day, are good at digging caves, and feed on herbaceous plants. When most of the group is foraging on the grassland, there is always one standing guard near the cave.
Spotted hyena skull specimen, University of Wyoming Library
The spotted hyena was first officially described by German naturalist Johann Christian Polikap Erxler in 1777. The ancient Greek root of the scientific name of the spotted hyena was used by Pliny the Elder to describe an unknown animal in Ethiopia, possibly the hyena. In literature, it means' object in the color of saffron '. Although spotted hyenas have some similarities to the canidae family, they are more closely related to the civet family. Spotted hyenas belong to the cat suborder, so they are closer to the feline family than to the canine family. The spotted hyena is currently the largest member of the hyena family. It is believed that the ancestor of the spotted hyena branched out from the striped hyena during the Pliocene period (5.33-18 million years ago).
Virginia deer skull specimen from the University of Wyoming Library
Virginia deer (Odocoli virginianus), English name: Zimmermann, also known as white tailed deer, is a species of deer in the family Deer. Named after the tail curling up and the white bottom exposed when running. Body length is 1.83-1.98 meters, shoulder height is 0.92 meters, and tail length is about 10-28 centimeters; Small ears; The back branch of the horn is simple; The body gland is small, only about 3 centimeters long, and there are white hairs around the gland. Distributed in southern Canada, most of the United States, and northern South America.
Fossil of Triceratops Bone from Oxford University Natural History Museum
The name Triceratops means triangular face, referring to a small horn and two large horns on the skull. Triceratops is 7.3 meters long and weighs over 6 tons. It is a herbivorous animal with a jaw equipped with constantly changing teeth, specifically designed for cutting hard plant materials. The horns and folds of Triceratops have sparked a lot of speculation, but they are likely used for display and combat to maintain social dominance and defend territory and mates. Triceratops locked its horns in individual pushing and twisting battles, with the huge folds at the back of the skull serving as shields to deflect opponents' horns and protect fragile neck and shoulder muscles.
Mus é e d'Orsay in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, "Ugolino and His Descendants"
Ugolino and His Sons "is an academic creation by Calpo during his study abroad in Italy. According to the composition principles set by the academy, a sculpture is only allowed to have one to two characters. However, Karbo violated this rule by creating four characters first, and later dividing them into five characters to restore the authenticity of history, forming an inseparable group that is tightly intertwined. The reason why this theme fascinates Karl Bo is that he can fully express the psychological conflict between human and animalistic nature through male nudity, better showcasing his romantic passion and realistic expression techniques.
The Yangshao Culture of the Neolithic Age in China's "Colored Pottery Basin with Human Face and Fish Pattern"
The Shao culture refers to an important Neolithic colored pottery culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, which lasted from approximately 5000 BC to 3000 BC (about 7000 years ago, with a duration of about 2000 years) and was distributed throughout the entire middle reaches of the Yellow River from Gansu Province to Henan Province. It was first discovered in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Sanmenxia City, Henan Province in 1921, so according to archaeological conventions, this culture is called the Yangshao culture. It is centered around Guanzhong, western Henan, and southern Shanxi, where the tributaries of the Yellow River, such as Wei, Fen, and Luo, and extends north to the Great Wall and Hetao areas, south to northwest Hubei, and east to eastern Henan. It currently exists at the Central Academy of Historical Research.
Cultural relic from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty: "Recommended Boxes from the Qianlong Period"
In traditional religious beliefs, offering sacrifices or sacrifices is the most common religious behavior. In order to express respect and reverence for gods or ancestors, or to achieve the purpose of communication between humans and gods, people will prepare various foods as sacrificial offerings and offer various types of gold paper as offerings. They will also use various sacrificial and offering utensils to express respect and prayers to the gods, such as shrines, sedan chairs, and other utensils that can be directly used for offerings to the gods; Cups, chopsticks, and poems are used as tools for seeking divine approval; Incense burners, recommendation boxes, and other utensils are used to hold offerings. The utensils used to hold various types of offerings are diverse and complex in variety, and their production techniques and styles are tailored to meet the various forms and purposes of offerings.
The cultural relic of the Shang Dynasty, "Bone shaped Artifacts"
It is a bone artifact unearthed from the Tomb of Shang Wang No. 1001, possibly made of elephant leg bones, with a complete lower end and a damaged upper end, and a rounded triangular cross-section of the body. On one of the corners of the body, there are two vertically arranged perforations at the lower position of the middle decorative band, which may be used to install handles. The decoration can be roughly divided into three parts. The upper and lower ends of the object are decorated with animal face patterns, the middle part is decorated with the main decoration of Taotie, and the two sides of the triangular pattern below are decorated with inverted dragons. Going further will be the Shen character decorative strip. These patterns are surrounded by dense cloud and thunder patterns, and the carvings are very exquisite. First stored at the Central Institute of Historical Research.
Cultural relic from the late Shang Dynasty, titled 'Turtle Belly Armor with Inscriptions on Zhu Bu'
This oracle bone belongs to the first Wu Ding divination of the Late Shang Dynasty, which records the divination results of the virtuous man "Wei" on the day of "Bingzi". He used the direct question 'I will receive a good harvest (I will have a good harvest)' and the reverse question 'I will not receive a good harvest (I will not have a good harvest)' to predict whether the crops will have a good harvest this year. The divination inscriptions are usually engraved next to the divination signs, and they usually avoid the divination signs, which is called "avoiding signs"; This edition is inscribed with divination or engraved on divination signs, known as "criminal signs", and currently exists at the Central Institute of Historical Research.
Exquisite carving of tiger head sculpture on redwood
During the Tang Dynasty, the white stone sculpture "Changyang Taizun Stone Statue" was created
The Changyang Taizun stone statue was first carved in the seventh year of the Tang Kaiyuan era (719 AD) and is a precious resource for studying Taoism, ancient sculpture, and calligraphy art. The statue is made of white stone, one meter high, dressed in court attire, wearing a crown, with one hand supporting the knee and the other holding a belt, sitting on a stone seat with a dignified expression and smooth clothing patterns. Fuxi is one meter tall, with a bun on his head and curly long hair draped over his shoulders. He is wearing a shoulder and apron connected by leaves, holding the Bagua Taiji diagram in his hand, symbolizing Fuxi's creation of the Book of Changes.
Copper pendant from the Russian Empire period titled 'Old Believers and Tsar Peter I'
They are part of the ancient tradition of making metal castings, especially in the circles of old believers (old ritualists) in modern Russia. This type of metal product is often seen as a manifestation of the differences between the old believers and the laws of Tsar Peter I in 1722 and 1723. It is currently housed in the Krakow National Museum in Poland.
Porcelain "Sacrificial Blue Sky Ball Vase" from the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty
This vessel shape appeared during the Ming Xuande period, with a large and upright body, a majestic aura, and a sturdy and antique shape. It is named after its round and bulging belly resembling a spherical shape. The sacrificial blue glaze is often used during sacrificial ceremonies, hence it is called sacrificial blue glaze. It is also known as Jilan or Gemstone Blue.
Bronze Dragon Statue in Hue Royal City, Vietnam
The dragon of the inner city of Hue, Vietnam The bronze dragon was cast in 1842 and is located in front of the Yueshi Hall in Da Nei Fu, Hue City, Vietnam. The bronze dragon was cast in front of the Shunhua Imperial City in 1842.
Seismograph
The seismograph is a masterpiece created by scientist Zhang Heng during the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. The time of the initial construction of the seismometer is unknown, but it was rebuilt in the first year of the Yangjia reign of Emperor Shun of Han (132 AD). It was the world's first seismometer and the first instrument in history to use scientific methods to determine the direction of earthquakes. The seismometer has eight directions, each with a dragon head containing a dragon ball, and below each head there is a toad corresponding to it. If an earthquake occurs on either side, the dragon ball contained in the dragon mouth in that direction will fall into the mouth of the toad, thus determining the direction of the earthquake.
During the reign of Emperor Xuantong of the Qing Dynasty, the currency was Qing Xuantong silver coins
Xuantong Yuanbao was a silver coin minted by Zhang Zhidong, the Governor General of Guangdong and Guangxi, who established a mint in Guangdong, In the center of the coin is the Chinese character "Guangxu Yuanbao", surrounded by nine Chinese characters "Guangdong Province Kuping Seven qian and Three fen", later changed to seven qian and two fen; The back features a coiled dragon pattern and is commonly referred to as "Dragon Ocean" in English. This silver coin not only has high collectible value, but also serves as an important material for studying the history of the Qing Dynasty.
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